A Theoretical Study of Stopping Power and Range For Low Energy (<3.0mev) Protons In Aluminium, Germanium, Lead, Gold and Copper Solid Materials

Anthony Kwesi Selorm Amable, Banini Kwaku Godsway, Rudolf Anyoka Nyaaba, Eric Naab Manson

Abstract


A new empirical relation was obtained by modifying an empirical relation deduced by Chaubey (1977) based on Bohr’s classical mechanics by using least squared fitting method for stopping powers from 0.20MeV to 2.90MeV protons in Aluminium (Al), Germanium (Ge), Lead (Pb), Gold (Au) and Copper (Cu) solid target materials and the results compared with some available experimental values and earlier investigations as well as PSTAR and SRIM (2013) results. The proton range relation was obtained by directly integrating the stopping power formula and the values of the ranges for the elements are calculated and compared with PSTAR and Janni (1982) values. The calculated stopping powers and range values were in excellent agreement with the experimental values of Bichsel since the percentage uncertainty was within 10% and the theoretical values of Janni (1982) and, the PSTAR and SRIM-2013 codes generated values had the percentage difference approximately within 10%. The cross section was also calculated and the results discussed. The practical applications of the stopping power, range and cross section values of the selected materials are discussed.

 


Keywords


Stopping power, Energy loss, Range, Empirical relation, SRIM-2013, PSTAR, Copper, Germanium, Gold, Aluminium, Lead, Silicon

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ahlen, S.P., (1980) Theoretical and experimental aspects of the energy-loss of relativistic heavily ionizing particles. Rev. Mod. Phys. 52 (1), 121–173.

Andersen H.H. and Ziegler J.F. (1977). Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Matter (Elmsford, NY: Pergamon)

Attix, F.H., (2008). Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, John Wiley & Sons.

Batra, R.K. and Sehgal, M.L. (1972). Empirical relation for total stopping power of positrons and electrons. Nuclear Physics A., 196, 638.

Berger, M.J., Coursey, J.S., Zucker, M.A. and Chang, J., (2014). Stopping-power and range tables for helium ions,

http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/Star/Text/ASTAR.html (accessed2014).

Berger, M.J. and Seltzer, S.M. (1983). Stopping Powers and Ranges of electrons and positrons, 2nd ed., US Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC.

Berger M.J., Coursey J.S., Zucker M.A., and Chang J., (1966) "Stopping -Power and Range Tables for Electrons, Protons, and Helium Ions. ‘NISTIR 4999’.

Bethe, H. Ann. Physik 5 (1930) 324

Bethe, H.A and Ashkin, J. (1953). Passage of Radiation through matter, in Segre, E. (Editor), Experimental Nuclear Physics, Vol. 1, Part 2, John Wiley and Sons, New York

Bohr, N., Philos. Mag. 25 (1913) 10

Bohr, N. Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk. 18 (8) (1948) 1.

Bonderup E. (1981) Lecture Notes on Penetration of Charged Particles Through Matter 2nd edn (Aarhus: Institute of Physics, University of Aarhus)

Das A. and Ferbel T., (2003). Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics, University of Rochester.

Fano, U. Ann. Rev. Nuclear Science. 13 (1963) 1.

Fermi, E. Phys. Rev. 57 (1940) 485.

Fermi E. and Teller E., Phys. Rev. 72, 399-408 (1947).

http://www.virginia.edu/ep/Interactions/4__stopping.htm

Gunasingha R. (2008). Interaction of Charged Particles with Matter, Duke Radiation Safety and Duke University. All Rights Reserved.

Gupta S.K., Govil J.C., Gupta K.K., Tyagi R.K and Verma, O.P. (1982). Empirical equations for the stopping power and c.s.d.a. range difference of 0.2 to 10MeV positrons. Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot, 33, 773.

ICRU Report 49 (1993), Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA.

ICRU Report 73: Stopping of Ions heavier than Helium, Journal of the ICRU, 5 No. 1 (2005), Oxford Univ. Press ISBN 0-19-857012-0)

International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, (1993). Stopping Powers and Ranges for Protons and Alpha Particles. ICRU Report 49. International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland.

Inokuti, M. Rev. Mod. Phys. 43, 297 (1971).

Janni, J. F. (1966), Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables.

Janni, J. F. (1982a), Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 27, 147 - 339.

Janni, J. F. (1982b), Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables, 27, 341 - 529.

Kaneko, T. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 53, 271, 283 (1993).

Konac, G. Kalbitzer, S. Klatt, Ch. Niemann, D. Stoll, R. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 136–138 (1998) 159.

Knoll, G. F. (2010). Radiation Detection and Measurement (4th Ed).

Lennard, W.N. Massoumi, G.R., Simpson, T.W and Mitchell, I.V. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 152 (1999) 370.

Northcliffe L.C. and Schilling R.F., Nuclear Data A7 (1970) 233.

Martin B.R., (2005). Nuclear and Particle Physics, John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 0-470-01999-9.

Sigmund P. (2006) Particle Penetration and Radiation Effects, General Aspects and Stopping of Swift Point Charges (Berlin: Springer).

Tschalaer C. and Bichsel H. Phys. Rev., vol. 175, p. 476, (1968).

Turner, J.E., (2007). Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection, 4th ed. Wiley, New York.

Rossi, B. and Greisen, K., (1941). Rev. Mod. Phys. 13, 240.

Unak, T. Ongun, B., Unak, P. and Kumru, M.N. (1995). Comparison of the calculated and measured stopping powers of low-energy electrons in different metals. Appl. Radiat. Isot, 46, 561

Ziegler, J. F. SRIM (2013), www.srim.org.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.23954/osj.v2i2.982

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Open Science Journal (OSJ) is multidisciplinary Open Access journal. We accept scientifically rigorous research, regardless of novelty. OSJ broad scope provides a platform to publish original research in all areas of sciences, including interdisciplinary and replication studies as well as negative results.